{
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  "schema": "https://entitymap.org/spec/v1.0",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Rose Bushes",
    "url": "https://www.rose-bushes.com"
  },
  "generated": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
  "profile": "core",
  "verificationStatus": "self-declared",
  "entities": [
    {
      "entityId": "e_rose",
      "@type": "Concept",
      "name": "Rose",
      "description": "A rose is a woody perennial flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, grown for its showy, often fragrant blooms. Garden roses are among the most widely cultivated ornamental plants in the world.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose",
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_001",
          "text": "In-depth profiles of the roses worth growing, plus clear, horticulture-grounded guidance on planting, pruning, feeding, and keeping them healthy — season after season.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/",
          "pageTitle": "Rose Bushes — A Grower's Guide to Roses, Rose Types & Rose Care",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_garden_rose",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Garden Rose",
      "description": "Garden roses are cultivated roses grown for ornament, divided into wild, old garden, and modern garden classes. Each class shares a characteristic growth habit and bloom pattern.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_roses",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose"
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      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_002",
          "text": "Roses are grouped into classes that share how they grow, bloom, and are best cared for. Understanding the classes is the fastest way to choose the right rose — and to grow it well.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/",
          "pageTitle": "Rose Types — All Classes of Roses Explained | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_climbing",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Climbing Rose",
      "description": "Climbing roses produce long, flexible canes that are trained onto supports such as walls, fences, and arbors. They are not true vines and must be tied in place.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_roses",
      "relations": [
        {
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          "targetName": "Garden Rose",
          "targetId": "e_garden_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_003",
          "text": "Climbing roses send up long, flexible canes that can be trained along walls, fences, arbors, and pergolas — few plants give more vertical color for the space they occupy.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/climbing/",
          "pageTitle": "Climbing Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_hybrid_tea",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Hybrid Tea Rose",
      "description": "The hybrid tea is the classic modern rose, bearing one large, high-centered bloom on a long, upright stem. It offers the widest color range of any class and is the standard florist and exhibition rose.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_tea_rose",
      "relations": [
        {
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          "targetName": "Garden Rose",
          "targetId": "e_garden_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_004",
          "text": "Hybrid teas are the classic long-stemmed roses of the florist and the show bench — one large, high-centered bloom to a stem, in every color roses come in.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/hybrid-tea/",
          "pageTitle": "Hybrid Tea Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_floribunda",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Floribunda Rose",
      "description": "Floribundas bear their flowers in large clusters on compact, free-flowering plants, giving more color over a longer season than a hybrid tea. They were bred by crossing hybrid teas with polyanthas.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floribunda_(rose)",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Hybrid Tea Rose",
          "targetId": "e_hybrid_tea"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_005",
          "text": "Floribundas carry their flowers in big clusters on compact, free-flowering plants — more color over a longer season than a hybrid tea, with less fuss.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/floribunda/",
          "pageTitle": "Floribunda Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_grandiflora",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Grandiflora Rose",
      "description": "The grandiflora class combines the high-centered bloom of a hybrid tea with the clustering and vigor of a floribunda, on tall, stately plants. It was created in 1954 with the rose 'Queen Elizabeth'.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiflora_(rose)",
      "relations": [
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        },
        {
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          "targetName": "Hybrid Tea Rose",
          "targetId": "e_hybrid_tea"
        },
        {
          "predicate": "RELATED_TO",
          "targetName": "Floribunda Rose",
          "targetId": "e_floribunda"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_006",
          "text": "Grandifloras combine the elegant, high-centered bloom of a hybrid tea with the clustering and vigor of a floribunda, on tall, stately plants.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/grandiflora/",
          "pageTitle": "Grandiflora Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_knock_out",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Knock Out Rose",
      "description": "The Knock Out family is a series of disease-resistant, self-cleaning shrub roses introduced in 2000 that bloom from spring to frost with minimal care. Knock Out is a registered trademark of Star Roses and Plants.",
      "alternateName": "Knock Out roses",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_Out_(rose)",
      "relations": [
        {
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          "targetName": "Garden Rose",
          "targetId": "e_garden_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_007",
          "text": "The Knock Out family redefined the landscape rose: disease-resistant, self-cleaning, and in bloom from spring to frost with almost no fuss.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/knock-out/",
          "pageTitle": "Knock Out Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_david_austin",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "David Austin (English) Rose",
      "description": "English roses, bred by David Austin, combine the full-petaled form and rich fragrance of old roses with the repeat bloom and color range of modern roses. They are often classified by scent, such as old rose, myrrh, and fruity.",
      "alternateName": "English rose",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_C._H._Austin",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Garden Rose",
          "targetId": "e_garden_rose"
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      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_008",
          "text": "English roses, bred by David Austin, marry the full-petaled form and rich fragrance of old roses with the repeat bloom and color range of modern ones.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/david-austin-english/",
          "pageTitle": "David Austin & English Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_old_garden",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Old Garden Rose",
      "description": "Old garden roses are the classes that existed before the first hybrid tea in 1867 — gallicas, damasks, albas, bourbons, and their kin — prized for intense fragrance and full, romantic form.",
      "alternateName": "Heirloom rose",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_roses",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Garden Rose",
          "targetId": "e_garden_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_009",
          "text": "Old garden roses — the gallicas, damasks, albas, bourbons and their kin — are the historic roses prized for legendary fragrance and full, romantic form.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/old-garden-heirloom/",
          "pageTitle": "Old Garden & Heirloom Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_species_rose",
      "@type": "Taxonomy",
      "name": "Species (Wild) Rose",
      "description": "Species roses are the naturally occurring wild roses from which all cultivated roses descend. They typically bear simple five-petaled flowers in one flush, followed by ornamental hips, and are often exceptionally hardy.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_rugosa",
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "IS_A",
          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_010",
          "text": "Species roses are the wild originals from which all others descend — tough, single-flowered, often once-blooming, and generous with autumn hips.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/species-wild/",
          "pageTitle": "Species & Wild Roses — Types, Varieties & How to Grow Them | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_pruning",
      "@type": "Methodology",
      "name": "Rose Pruning",
      "description": "Pruning is the practice of cutting back rose canes to build an open, healthy framework that blooms harder and resists disease. Most repeat-blooming roses are pruned in late winter; once-blooming roses are pruned after flowering.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning",
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "IMPROVES",
          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose",
          "confidence": "declared"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_011",
          "text": "Pruning is the single most important skill in rose growing — and the most misunderstood. Done right, it produces a healthy, open plant that blooms harder and resists disease.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/care/pruning/",
          "pageTitle": "How to Prune Roses — Step by Step | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_propagation",
      "@type": "Methodology",
      "name": "Rose Propagation",
      "description": "Rose propagation is the practice of producing new rose plants, most commonly by rooting stem cuttings taken from a parent plant. Success depends on timing, cleanliness, and consistent humidity.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_propagation",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_012",
          "text": "Propagating roses from cuttings lets you turn a favorite plant into many, for free. The technique is simple, and success comes down to timing, cleanliness, and moisture.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/care/propagation/",
          "pageTitle": "How to Grow Roses from Cuttings — Step by Step | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_deadheading",
      "@type": "Methodology",
      "name": "Deadheading",
      "description": "Deadheading is the removal of spent flowers, which redirects a repeat-blooming rose's energy from seed production back into new blooms. It also keeps plants tidy and is stopped in late summer to allow hips to form.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadheading_(flowers)",
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "IMPROVES",
          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose",
          "confidence": "declared"
        },
        {
          "predicate": "RELATED_TO",
          "targetName": "Rose Hip",
          "targetId": "e_rose_hip"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_013",
          "text": "Deadheading — removing spent flowers — keeps repeat-blooming roses tidy and pushes them to produce the next flush faster. It takes minutes and pays off all season.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/care/deadheading/",
          "pageTitle": "How to Deadhead Roses — Step by Step | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_companion_planting",
      "@type": "Concept",
      "name": "Companion Planting",
      "description": "Companion planting is the practice of growing different plants in proximity for mutual benefit. With roses, aromatic partners such as lavender and catmint deter pests, attract pollinators, and disguise bare lower stems.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_planting",
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "IMPROVES",
          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose",
          "confidence": "declared"
        },
        {
          "predicate": "PREVENTS",
          "targetName": "Pest Damage"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_014",
          "text": "Good companion plants for roses include lavender, catmint, salvia, alliums, and hardy geraniums — plants that share the rose's love of sun and good drainage while deterring pests, attracting pollinators, and hiding bare rose ankles.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/guides/companion-plants-for-roses/",
          "pageTitle": "The Best Companion Plants for Roses? | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_black_spot",
      "@type": "Concept",
      "name": "Black Spot",
      "description": "Black spot is the most widespread fungal disease of roses, caused by Diplocarpon rosae. It produces black, fringed spots on leaves that yellow and drop, and it spreads fastest in wet, crowded, poorly ventilated plantings.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplocarpon_rosae",
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "TARGETS",
          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose",
          "confidence": "declared"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_015",
          "text": "Remove and destroy infected leaves, clean up all fallen debris, water only at the base, and improve airflow. For susceptible roses, apply a fungicide preventively. Long term, switch to resistant varieties.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/guides/how-to-treat-black-spot-on-roses/",
          "pageTitle": "How to Treat Black Spot on Roses? | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_powdery_mildew",
      "@type": "Concept",
      "name": "Powdery Mildew",
      "description": "Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that coats new rose growth in a white powder, curling and distorting leaves and buds. It favors dry days and humid nights and worsens on crowded, stressed plants.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdery_mildew",
      "relations": [
        {
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          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose",
          "confidence": "declared"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_016",
          "text": "Treat powdery mildew by improving airflow, removing affected growth, and watering at the base. Its white coating thrives on stressed, crowded plants; a fungicide or a baking-soda spray helps, and resistant varieties prevent it entirely.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/guides/how-to-treat-powdery-mildew-on-roses/",
          "pageTitle": "How to Treat Powdery Mildew on Roses? | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_rose_hip",
      "@type": "Concept",
      "name": "Rose Hip",
      "description": "A rose hip is the fruit of the rose, formed after flowering when spent blooms are left on the plant. Hips add fall and winter color, feed birds, and signal the plant to harden off for winter.",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_hip",
      "relations": [
        {
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          "targetName": "Rose",
          "targetId": "e_rose"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_017",
          "text": "Stop deadheading repeat-blooming roses in late summer to early fall, about six weeks before your first frost. Leaving the last spent flowers to form hips signals the plant to harden off for winter.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/guides/when-to-stop-deadheading-roses/",
          "pageTitle": "When to Stop Deadheading Roses? | Rose Bushes",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "entityId": "e_peace_rose",
      "@type": "PhysicalProduct",
      "name": "Peace Rose",
      "description": "Peace is one of the most successful hybrid tea roses ever bred, raised by Francis Meilland and released after the Second World War. It is prized for large, high-centered yellow-and-pink blooms and reliable repeat flowering.",
      "alternateName": "Rosa 'Madame A. Meilland'",
      "sameAs": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_(rose)",
      "relations": [
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          "targetName": "Hybrid Tea Rose",
          "targetId": "e_hybrid_tea"
        }
      ],
      "hasChunks": [
        {
          "chunkId": "c_018",
          "text": "The Peace rose is a yellow-and-pink hybrid tea and one of the most iconic post-war roses, bred by Francis Meilland. It is prized for its large, high-centered blooms and reliable repeat flowering.",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.rose-bushes.com/roses/peace/",
          "pageTitle": "Peace Rose — Yellow/pink Hybrid Tea | Growing Guide",
          "publisher": "Rose Bushes",
          "retrieved": "2026-07-11T01:24:07Z",
          "contentType": "definition"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}